论克里斯蒂娃“符义分析”对乔姆斯基转换生成语法的批判牲接受

On the Critical Response of Julia Kristeva’s Sémanalyse to Noam Chomsky’s Transformational-generative Grammar

20世纪60年代末70年代初,美国语言学家诺姆·乔姆斯基(Noam Chomsky)的转换生成语法流行至法国,深刻影响了符号学家茱莉亚·克里斯蒂娃(Julia Kristeva)"符义分析"(semanalyse)理论的建构,成为她符号学思想不可或缺的理论渊源。克里斯蒂娃对乔姆斯基思想的批判与突围有三:首先,她接受乔姆斯基转换生成语法模型的动态性特征,但拒绝乔姆斯基特定的天赋语言观以及言说主体的立场;其次,克里斯蒂娃的生成文本/现象文本较乔姆斯基的深层结构/表层结构更有独特的理论品格;最后,克里斯蒂娃发展乔姆斯基的转化生成语法,通过对小说文本的研究,提出一种转换方法,用以研究符号系统之外的社会历史因素在文本中的转换。借由探究"符义分析"对乔姆斯基思想的批判性接受,可以窥见克里斯蒂娃符号学理论的思想渊源与理论诉求,进而辨析其在法国符号学阵营中理论位置,以及其后结构主义的理论属性和特征。

In the late 1960 s and early 1970 s,the theory of transformationalgenerative grammar developed by the American linguist Noam Chomsky arrived in France,profoundly influencing the construction of the theory of semanalyse developed by the semioticist Julia Kristeva.Kristeva’s criticism and development of Chomsky’s thought took three main forms.First,she accepted the dynamic characteristics of Chomsky’s transformational-generative grammar model but rejected his view of gifted language and the position of the speaking subject.Second,compared with Chomsky’s concepts of deep structure/surface structure,Kristeva’s concept of geno-texte/pheno-texte has distinct theoretical characteristics.Finally,Kristeva developed Chomsky’s transformationalgenerative grammar and proposed a new "transformation method" through the study of novel texts,which could be used to further study the transformation of social and historical factors outside the semiotic system of texts.Through exploration of Kristeva’s critical response to Chomsky’s theory,we glimpse the ideological origin and theoretical nature of Kristeva’s thought,helping to distinguish its theoretical position in the French semiotics camp and the theoretical attributes and characteristics of her thought in the context of post-structuralism.