孝道中的经与权:从“晋侯杀其世子申生”谈起

The Jing and Quan in Filial Piety:Starting from the “Duke of Jin Killed His Son SHEN Sheng”

孝道是儒家基本的行为规范,在日常生活中孝道有时会与其他价值产生矛盾,“晋侯杀其世子申生”就是较有代表性的案例之一,《春秋》和《礼记》基于“亲亲”之义分别批评晋献公和申生。在汉儒看来在子女对孝道的践行中,“顺从父命”是守经,“反经为善”是行权,这是解决申生所遭遇伦理困境的方案。此外,宋儒误解汉儒以“反经”释“权”,提出“权只是经”“权亦是经”的观点,具体到孝道上使得行权消解于“顺从父命”之中。

Filial piety is a basic code of conduct in Confucianism.However,in daily life,people will encounter ethical dilemmas in which filial piety is in conflict with other things or values.“Duke of Jin killed his son SHEN Sheng”is one of the more representative cases.Duke Jin and SHEN Sheng were criticized in The Spring and Autumn Annals and The Book of Rites on the basis of righteousness of affection for one’s kin.In the view of the Confucian scholars in the Han Dynasty,“obeying the father’s order”is to adhere to“jing”(经),while doing good by opposing“jing”is to exercise“quan”(权).This was one solution to solve the ethical dilemma in which SHEN Sheng encountered.In addition,Confucian scholars in the Song Dynasty misunderstood the view that Han Confucianism interpreted“quan”by“anti-jing”(反经),and put forward the view that“quan”is just“jing”(权只是经)and“quan”is also“jing”(权亦是经).In filial piety,exercising“quan”can be cleared up in“obeying the father’s order”.