论“南海仲裁案”实体裁决中有关“岩礁”解释的语义起点、逻辑与理据问题

Some Reflections on the Semantic Starting Point,Logic and Supporting Reasons of the Interpretation of “Rocks” Provided by the Arbitral Tribunal in the Award for Merits of the China-Philippines South China Sea Arbitration Case

在“南海仲裁案”实体裁决中,仲裁庭有关“岩礁”定义的裁决是该部分裁决的内容起点。仲裁庭在此部分并没有将“岩礁”的通常意义和自然意义作为解释的起点,而是对定义进行了“剪辑”;在解释的逻辑上,《联合国海洋法公约》第121条的规定遵循的是从“一般到特殊”的逻辑,但仲裁庭罔顾这一逻辑,相反,其遵循的是“特殊一般化”的逻辑;在解释的理据上,仲裁庭既“有意”忽略了《牛津英语词典》关于岩礁定义中最重要的第一句话,也曲解了国际法院的相关裁决。仲裁庭的解释实践,就是将岛屿岩礁化,岩礁去功能化,从而导致其所得出的“岩礁”定义明显不合理,结论也显得荒谬。中国有必要从自身利益出发,坚持自身实践,并在岛屿和岩礁的界定上更具体化。

In the Merits Award for the China-Philippines South China Sea Arbitration Case,the Arbitral Tribunal s ruling on the definition of"rocks"is the starting point of the ruling for that relevant part.In this part,as the starting point of its interpretation,the Arbitral Tribunal did not proceed from the ordinary and natural meaning of“rocks”,but“edited”the definition;For the logic of its interpretation,the Arbitral Tribunal ignored the logic of“general to special”stipulated for Article 121 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,on the contrary,it followed the logic of“special generalization”;For the supporting evidences of its interpretation,the Arbitral Tribunal not only“ignited”neglected the most important first sentence in the definition for“rock”in the Oxford English Dictionary,but also misinterpreted the relevant holdings of the International Court of Justice.The interpretation practice of the Arbitral Tribunal is to treat island as rock and de-functionalized the rock,which leads to the definition of the“rock”is obviously unreasonable and the conclusion is ridiculous.It is necessary for China to proceed from its own interests,adhere to its own practice,and be more specific for the definition of islands and rocks.