教育:在存在与占有之间

Education: Existence between Being and Possessing

波兰新马克思主义理论家苏霍多尔斯基将教育视为改变现实和走向未来的重要途径。他批判地分析了苏格拉底重视人格塑造的教育传统和柏拉图注重为生活作准备的教育传统。在他看来,这两种教育传统或者只强调人的应然状态,或者只强调人的实然状态,都没有认真对待人的矛盾性,因而都是片面的。作为这两种教育传统的扬弃的人道主义教育既肯定人的“平庸”之在,又强调人的“诗意”之在,并在此基础上将二者辩证地统一了起来,从而在一定程度上解决了个人教育与社会教育以及必然与自由之间的深刻矛盾。

Suchodolski,the neo-Marxist Polish theorist,regards education as a gateway to changing reality and facing future.He critically analyzed educational stereotypes of Socrates’ emphasizing personality shaping and Plato's focusing life preparation.In his opinion,neither of them emphasizes human's natural state,nor human's actual state merely.They neglect human's contradiction,so they are all one-sided.Humanitarian education,which is the sublation of these two educational traditions,not only affirms the mediocrity of human beings,but also emphasizes the poetry of human beings.On this basis,they are dialectically unified,thus resolving to a certain extent the profound contradiction between personal education and social education as well as between necessity and freedom.