双影人主题透视的现代危机——以让·保尔和克莱斯特的作品为例

Probe into the Modern Crisis from the Perspective of“The Man with Two Shadows”Theme——Case studies of the works by Jean Paul and Kleist

德国杰出作家让·保尔和克莱斯特对双影人主题的演绎堪称经典,透视了自我分裂与丧失身份认同等现代危机。让·保尔在长篇小说《齐本凯斯》中对“双影人”的演绎给德语文学中这一概念和主题带来重要突破。主人公在其双影人莱普盖伯的帮助下经历假死闹剧,开启新的诗艺人生。放弃身份的莱普盖伯在长篇小说《提坦神》中化名硕普,他因受费希特“绝对自我”的影响惧怕并厌恶自我,死于精神分裂。克莱斯特的喜剧《安菲特律翁》通过主神朱庇特与陆军元帅构成的双影人演绎现代普遍的身份认同危机问题,元帅夫人陷入真假丈夫难辨的深度情感迷惑中,经历最严重的身份认同危机。仆从层面的双影人更多以喜剧色彩演绎了丧失身份认同的困惑。中篇小说《养子》通过演绎代表善恶两极道德的双影人,揭示现代人格分裂问题。

Jean Paul and Kleist,the outstanding German writers,interpreted the classics in the theme of the man with two shadows,for they revealed the modern crises such as self-division and loss of identity.Jean Paul's interpretation of " the man of two shadows" in his novel Siebenks had brought an important breakthrough to this concept and theme in German literature.The hero,with the help of Leibgeberiana,experienced a false-death farce and opened up a new life of poetry and art.Leibgeberiana,who gave up his identity,assumed the name of Shuopu in his novel Titan .He died of schizophrenia because he was afraid and disgusted by Fichte's "absolute ego".Kleist's comedy Amphitryon deduces modern universal identity crisis through the man with two identities of Jupiter and Marshal,and Marshal's wife fell into the deep emotional confusion of true and false husbands,and also experienced the most serious identity crisis.The two-shadow man at the subordinate level illustrated the confusion of losing his identity with comedy.The novella,Adopted Son,demonstrated the split of modern personality by describing the two-shadow man representing the morality of good and evil.