德国国有企业及其绩效刍议

German Stateowned Enterprises and Their Performance

德国国有企业是政府向公众提供特定公共服务和贯彻经济政策的关键角色,在国民经济中发挥远超于其经济体量的重要作用。而在德国社会市场经济理念中,在市场或竞争失灵的情况下,只有在国有企业对社会整体福利水平的改善优于所有其他政府干预措施时,国有企业的存在才具有完整的合理性。20世纪60年代,德国国有企业处于持续的私有化浪潮冲击之下,研究表明,国有企业在经营效率和财务结构方面落后于私营企业,但在解决就业和社会保障等方面配合国家调控目标更具优势。

German state-owned enterprises play a key role of the government in providing specific public services and implementing economic policies. They possess a significant influence in the national economy far beyond their economic size. In the German social market economy concept, in the case of market or competition failure, the existence of state-owned enterprises can only be completely justificated when they could improve overall social welfare level better than all other government interventions. In the 1960s, German state-owned enterprises were under the wave of privatization. Research shows that German state-owned enterprises lag behind the private enterprises in terms of operational efficiency and financial structure, but they have an advantage in coordinating national regulation objectives, such as solving unemployment and improve social security.