保护规范理论的引入与问题——基于最高法院裁判的观察

The Introduction and Problems of the Theory of Protection Norms:Based on the Observation of the Supreme Court’s Judgments

保护规范理论的引入,符合我国主观诉讼为主的行政诉讼法制构造和拓宽原告资格的修法宗旨,为原告资格的“利害关系”判断标准提供了分析框架。然而最高法院对该理论的理解和适用仍存在不足:忽视了该理论的适用前提和作用范围,在具体操作上尚未形成清晰稳定的思路;作为解释对象的法规范围尚不明确,规范目的的解释过于依赖特别条款的明确规定和笼统的立法目的。为充分发挥保护规范理论扩大权益救济的功能,应明确该理论旨在解决的问题是查明主观公权利,诉请保护之利益的法律属性不明是该理论适用的前提,在具体操作中合理确定保护规范的范围,对规范目的作体系化解释及合宪性考量。

The introduction of the Theory of Protection Norms conforms to the legal structure of subjective litigation and the purpose of broadening the plaintiff's qualifications in China. Also, it provides an analytical framework for the judgment of the “interest”. However, there is still insufficient understanding and application of the theory for the Supreme Court. It ignores the applicable premise and the scope of the theory, which leads to the confusion of the specific operation. Additionally, the scope of the law as the object of interpretation is not clear and the interpretation of the normative purpose relies too much on the explicit provisions of the special provisions and the general legislative purpose. In order to play the role of the theory to expand remedies for rights, it should be recognized that the theory aims to solve the problem of identifying subjective public rights where the legal attribute of interest is unknown. It is necessary to determine reasonably the scope of the protection norms and interpret the purpose of the protection norms with systematical and constitutional considerations.