新中国70年的农地制度变迁与农民主体地位

The Change of Agricultural Land System of New China in 70 Years and Farmers’ Main Body Position

在新中国70年的农地制度演变过程中,农民主体地位的塑造经历了初始塑造、联合经营主体塑造、集体集权与经营一体化主体塑造、农户家庭承包经营主体塑造、新型农业经营主体塑造等阶段。历史证明,农地制度的良性变迁必须坚持农民主体地位,党和国家主导与农民自主相统一,尊重农民意愿并发挥好农民的能动作用和创造作用,坚持土地集体所有制并保障农户土地权益、增加农民收入。新时代的农地制度改革,要坚持农村土地集体所有制,进一步发挥好农民的能动作用和创造作用;探索更为包容的农地制度,满足不同农民主体对农地权益的诉求;发挥好农户家庭经营主体作用,促进农民增收和共同富裕;加强党的领导,实现党的领导作用与农民主体作用的有机统一。

In the process of agricultural land system evolution in 70 years of new China,the model of farmers’ main body position experienced initial model, joint business model, collective centralization and business integration model,rural household contracted land system model,new-style agricultural business model and so on.History proves that the virtuous evolution of the agricultural land system must uphold the farmers’ main body position,the unification of the leadership of the Party and the nation and peasants’ autonomy,and respecting peasants’ will and unleashing peasants’ dynamic role and creation capacity,and must stick to land collective ownership system and guaranteeing the land rights and interests of the peasants and peasants’ income growth. The agricultural land system reform at new era should persist in collective ownership of rural land,further unleash the peasants’ dynamic role and creation capacity,explore more inclusive agricultural land system,satisfy the appeal of land rights and interests of different peasants’ main bodies,bring the main body role of agricultural household family business into play,boost peasants’ income growth and joint richness,intensify the leadership of the Party,and realize the organic unification between the leadership of the Party and peasants’ main body role.