汲取、批判与延展——论伊格尔顿对雷蒙·威廉斯文化观的批评

Learning, Criticism and Extension: On Eagleton’s Criticism of Raymond Williams’ Cultural View

伊格尔顿对雷蒙·威廉斯的文化观既有批判亦有认同,但并未有过从早期否定到后来肯定的态度转换过程。一方面,伊格尔顿批评威廉斯的文化观过于宽泛,忽略意识形态与文化斗争,带有民粹主义、经验主义、政治渐进主义等诸多弊端。伊格尔顿的批评意见大都得到威廉斯或直接或间接的回应、反思与更正。另一方面,伊格尔顿又汲取了威廉斯文化观的理论营养,接过了社会主义共同文化的大旗。值得注意的是,以上批评与肯定意见均在伊格尔顿对后现代主义的考察中得到或隐或显的延展、发酵,两相参照有助于更好地把握伊格尔顿文化观的来龙去脉及其一以贯之性。

Eagleton has both criticized and agreed with Raymond Williams’view of culture,and has not changed his attitude from early negation to later affirmation.On the one hand,Eagleton criticized Williams’cultural outlook for being too broad and ignoring ideological and cultural struggles,with many drawbacks such as populism,empiricism and political incrementalism.Most of Eagleton’s criticisms were directly or indirectly answered,reflected and corrected by Williams.On the other hand,Eagleton absorbed the theoretical nutrition of Williams’cultural view and took over the banner of socialist common culture.It is worth noting that these criticisms and affirmative opinions are both extended and fermented implicitly or explicitly in Eagleton’s research of postmodernism,which is helpful to better grasp the context and consistency of Eagleton’s cultural view.