和而不同:明清时期青州满回汉多元民族文化社区的建立

Harmony in Diversity: The Establishment of Multi-ethnic Cultural Community in Qingzhou during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

位列《禹贡》古代九州之一的青州,在明清时期成为山东省管辖的青州府。明清两朝,一支回族群体在青州府治南阳城东关修建了圩子城,并长期在此聚居、经商,而随着回族进士的出现,该族群在青州的社会地位不断提升。雍正时期,一座旗城建成于南阳城以北五华里处,成为八旗满洲兵在青州的驻防城。由此,青州形成了满回汉三族共居的格局。但因回族和八旗满洲兵丁独特的生活习俗与宗教信仰以及清朝的种族隔离政策,共居的三个族群形成了相对独立的生活方式和信仰体系。

Qingzhou, one of the nine ancient provinces of China in Yugong , became the Qingzhou government under the jurisdiction of Shandong Province during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, a Hui ethnic group built a polder town in Dongguan, Nanyang City, Qingzhou Prefecture where they had lived and done business for a long time. With the appearance of jinshi of the Hui nationality, the social status of the ethnic group in Qingzhou had been continuously improved. During the Yongzheng period, a banner city was built, which was five li from the north of Nanyang City, and became the garrison city of eight-banner Manchurian soldiers in Qingzhou. As a result, Qingzhou had formed a co-living pattern of the Manchu, Hui and Han nationalities. However, because of the unique customs and religious beliefs of the Hui ethnic group and eight-banner Manchurian soldiers and the apartheid policies of the Qing Dynasty, the three ethnic groups living together formed a relatively independent lifestyle and belief system.