西藏旅游发展:历史演进、政策变迁与经济增长

Tourism Development in Tibet: Historical Evolution,Policy Change and Economic Growth

文章以西藏旅游发展为研究对象,系统梳理了西藏旅游经济的历史演进、政策变迁,并对西藏旅游发展与经济增长关系进行了实证分析。结果发现:①西藏旅游业的发展经历了从无到有,从小到大,从起飞、赶超、跨越到常态发展,从单方面的发展到全面发展,从景点旅游到全域旅游的转变;②西藏旅游政策发展经历了新旧体制并存的时期、社会主义市场经济转轨时期、社会主义市场经济完善时期、社会主义市场经济深化时期,旅游政策目标从政府接待、外事接待、创汇、拉动消费、解决就业、提升素质到服务民生的演化;③中央对西藏特殊的政策和制度在西藏经济发展中发挥了重要的作用;④社会稳定是旅游发展的重要前提和保障;⑤西藏旅游发展与西藏经济发展和第三产业发展呈显著线性相关。

Taking the tourism development of Tibet as the research object,this article systematically sorts out the historical evolution and policy change of the tourism economy of Tibet,and makes an empirical analysis on the relationship between the tourism development and the economic growth of Tibet.The results show that:(1)the tourism in Tibet has developed rapidly in both scale and form.(2)In terms of the development of the Tibet’s tourism policy,it has gone through several stages:a stage with both old and new systems coexisting,a stage of socialist market economic transition,a stage of perfecting and deepening of the socialist market economy.And the tourism policy goals have changed from governmental activities to foreign exchange activities,from foreign exchange earning to the stimulation to consumption,then to employment,the improvement of service quality,lastly to the people’s livelihood.(3)The special policies and systems of the central government have played an important role in the economic development of Tibet.(4)Social stability is an important premise and guarantee for the development of tourism.(5)The development of tourism has a significant linear correlation with the economic development and the development of the tertiary industry in Tibet.