在民俗学与元杂剧的连接处——评彭栓红《元杂剧中的民俗文化研究》

Some Comments on Folk Culture of Yuan Zaju Written by Peng Shuanhong

古代戏曲与民俗关系研究领域,彭栓红《元杂剧中的民俗文化研究》推出又一硕果。该著视野宏阔,是民俗学研究理论方法在一个时代代表性文体领域中的成功实践,后出转精,迄今可以说尚无出其右者。该著在既有研究基础上,吸收、综合并创造性地进行多学科的探讨,借助民族视角更细致、深化了多民族民俗的差异及特色。该著努力将杂剧剧本中所呈现的演员、剧目、表演习俗、演出地点等,与元代戏台、考古实物结合,试图还原元杂剧演剧实况,进行“文化考古”;该著还注意到民俗文化变迁对元杂剧创作的微妙影响,并对元杂剧大量运用民俗元素的成因,从时代特征、底层审美心理和民俗趋同角度予以思考。

Folk Culture of Yuan Zaju written by Peng Shuanhong is a new achievement of the study on the relationship between ancient opera and folk custom.It is a successful practice of folklore research theory and method in the representative literary field of an era.Based on the existing research,the author absorbs,synthesizes and creatively conducts multi-disciplinary discussions,and deepens the differences and characteristics of multi-ethnic folk customs with the help of ethnic perspective.The author tries to combine the actors,plays,performing customs and performing places presented in the Zaju script with the stage and archaeological objects of the Yuan Dynasty,trying to restore the Zaju performance of the Yuan and carry out“cultural archaeology”.It also pays attention to the subtle influence of the changes of folk culture on the creation of Yuan Zaju,and considers the causes of the extensive use of folk custom elements in Yuan Zaju from the perspective of time characteristics,bottom aesthetic psychology and folk convergence.