关于美称对华贸易“吃亏论”的客观分析

The Objective Analysis of the So-called “Deficit Theory” of the U.S.Trade with China

2018年以来,美国政府对华发动贸易摩擦并不断升级,严重影响两国及全球经济增长前景。中国政府以极大诚意推动中美经贸磋商,期望解决双方共同关切的问题。我们必须看到,美国贸易逆差由来已久,这与美元在国际货币体系中的主导地位、美国低储蓄高消费形成的内部失衡,以及美国产业结构调整、制造业向海外转移等因素密切相关。对于贸易逆差问题,美方需要正确认识,不能只片面强调货物贸易逆差。随着全球化不断深入发展,国际贸易的业态、模式与结构已发生深刻变化,从货物贸易为主转向货物贸易与服务贸易并重,从最终品贸易为主转向中间品贸易为主。只看货物贸易而不看服务贸易,只看贸易总额而不看贸易附加值,只从GDP的角度而不从GNP的角度看国际贸易,都不能准确反映国际贸易全局。实际上,多年来,美国在对华经贸往来中没有吃亏,而是在国家、企业、家庭等各部门获得了实实在在利益。希望中美双方尊重彼此核心利益,解决各自合理关切,落实两国元首确定的原则与方向,务实进取、相向而行,达成彼此都能接受的贸易协议。这不仅对两国经贸关系具有历史意义,对国际经贸合作也有示范意义。

Since 2018,the U.S.government has launched trade frictions with China and which has been escalating,seriously affecting the economic growth prospects of the two countries and the world.The Chinese government has promoted China-US economic and trade consultations with great sincerity and hopes to resolve issues of common concern.As we know,the US trade deficit has been in existence for a long time,which is closely related to the dominant position of the US dollar in the international monetary system,the internal imbalance caused by the low savings and high consumption of its own,the adjustment of the US industrial structure and the shift of manufacturing to overseas.Regarding the trade deficit issue,the US needs to understand correctly and not only emphasize the trade deficit one-sidedly. With the continuous development of globalization,the commercial activities,pattern and structure of international trade have undergone profound changes,from focusing on trade in goods to placing equal emphasis on trade in goods and services,and from focusing on trade in final goods to focusing on trade in intermediate goods.If we only put our emphasis on the trade of goods without the trade in services,only on the total amount of trade without the added value of trade,only on the perspective of GDP and without the perspective of GNP,these are not the overall situation of international trade.In fact,over the years,the United States has not suffered from economic and trade exchanges with China,but has gained tangible benefits in various sectors such as the state,enterprises,and families.It is hoped that China and the United States would respect each other’s core interests,resolve their respective legitimate concerns,implement the principles and directions set by the two heads of state,be pragmatic and enterprising,and achieve mutually acceptable trade agreements.This not only has historical significance for the economic and trade relations between the two countries,but also has exemplary significance for international economic and trade cooperation.