宝鸡市2012—2018年鼠密度监测

Monitoring of rodent density in Baoji City from 2012 to 2018

目的分析2012-2018年宝鸡市鼠密度监测结果,探索防治对策。方法采用夹夜法,统一选用中型钢板夹,以新鲜油条为诱饵,晚放晨收。结果宝鸡市2012-2018年共布有效鼠夹49005夹次,捕鼠443只,鼠密度为0.90%。优势鼠种为小家鼠和黑线姬鼠,分别占捕获率的46.50%、35.67%。各年份鼠密度分布和鼠种均有差异(χ^2=55.28,P<0.001),2012年鼠密度最高,2016年鼠密度最低。环境类型城镇居民区、餐饮业小家鼠为优势鼠种,其次为黑线姬鼠;城乡结合部黑线姬鼠为优势鼠种,其次为小家鼠;城中村鼠密度最高,为1.13%,3类环境鼠种分布有显著差异(P<0.01)。监测显示,宝鸡市鼠密度分布有明显的季节消长规律,3、8、11月分别出现3次小高峰。结论宝鸡市鼠密度总体不高,但局部地区仍处于较高水平。

Objective To analyze the monitoring results of rodent density in Baoji City from 2012 to 2018,and explore prevention measures,and propose targeted prevention and control measures for reducing the incidence of vector-borne diseases in rats. Methods Night trapping method was employed for the investigation. Rat clips were placed in the evening and collected in the morning. Results In Baoji City,a total of 49 005 rat clips were placed in 2012-2018, and 443 rats were caught,with the density of 0. 90%. The dominant species were Mus musculus and Apode musagrarius,which accounted for 46. 50% and 35. 67% of the captured rate respectively. Rat density distribution and mouse species varied from year to year(χ^2 = 55. 28,P < 0. 001). The highest rat density took place in 2012 , and the lowest in 2016. For environmental type,Mus musculus were the dominant species in urban residential area and the catering industry followed by Apode musagrarius. While Apode musagrarius was the dominant species in the urban-rural junction, followed by Mus musculus. The highest rat density of 1. 13% occured in village. There were significant differences in the distribution of mouse species among three types of environments ( P < 0. 01). The rat density dynamics showed obvious seasonal fluctuation with three small peaks in March,August and November. Conclusion The rodent density in Baoji City was generally low,but still at a high level in some areas.