吸能装置对列车碰撞能量吸收的影响研究

Study on Impacts of Energy Absorbing Devices on Train Collision Energy Absorption

为研究附加式吸能装置"载荷-位移"关系曲线的不同形式对轨道列车碰撞动能吸收效果的影响,建立了2列8编组列车一维碰撞多刚体动力学模型,并对其进行计算分析。结果表明,在具有相同设计吸能容量的前提下,将吸能装置的载荷-位移关系曲线设计成等梯度多段形式或具有一定正斜率的形式,比将其设计成单一定常型的形式吸收更多的碰撞动能;载荷-位移曲线斜率越大,吸收的能量越多。此外,研究了三节金属翻卷圆管在轴向压缩下的载荷-位移关系,发现在一定设计参数下,载荷-位移关系曲线近乎等梯度的两段形式;同时,圆管的冲程效率为76.5%,达到理论冲程效率(80%)的95%以上,证明三节金属翻卷圆管具有良好的可变形能力和吸能能力。

In order to study the effects of different configurations of force-displacement relationship of the additional energy absorbing device on the absorption of kinetic energy during a collision, a multi-rigid body dynamics model of two identical eight- car trains was established, calculated and analyzed. The results shows that under the premise of ensuring the same designed capacity, the design of force-displacement curve as multi-step with constant gradient or one which has a certain positive slope can make the device absorb more impact kinetic energy than a steady force-displacement curve whose force is a constant during a collision. Besides, the larger the slope of the force-displacement curve, the more energy is absorbed. In addition, the force-displacement relationship of the three-section metal turning tube under axial compression was studied and is found that with certain design parameters, the force- displacement relationship curve is almost in form of two equal gradients. At the same time, the tube's stroke effciency is up to 76.5%, which is more than 95% of the theoretical stroke efficiency (80%), proving that the three-section metal turning tube has a good deformability and energy absorption capacity.