草鱼肌间骨形态学观察与分析研究

The Morphological Study on Intermuscular Bone of Grass Carp

运用传统形态学解剖法对体长38cm左右的草鱼(Ctenophaiyngodon idellus)肌间骨形态、分布进行观察与分析。结果表明,草鱼肌间骨数目及形态分布规律与其他鲤科鱼类相似,仅含髓弓小骨及脉弓小骨两种类型,且轴上部肌间骨形态最为复杂多样。鱼体左右两侧呈不对称分布,存在较小差异,尾鳍基部肌间骨分布最为粗短密集、骨质坚硬,由尾至头肌间骨的形态逐步复杂化。按照肌间骨形态的不同,将其分为“I”形、“L”形、“卜”形、“Y”形、一端多叉形、两端两分叉形及两端多叉形7种类型,“一端多叉形”为草鱼中最新发现的肌间骨类型。研究表明“L”形可能是“I”形演化至“卜”形的一种过渡形态,故推测草鱼的肌间骨演化路径可能为:“I”形-“L”形-“卜”形一“Y”形一一端多叉形-两端两分叉形-两端多叉形。本文对草鱼肌间骨的观察和分析,为肌间骨的演化路径及分子机制提供了一定的形态学研究基础。

Based on the traditional morphological anatomy, this paper observed and analyzed the morphology and distribution of intermuscular bone of grass carps (Ctenopharyngoclon idellus) with body length of about 38cm. The results showed that the number and morphological distribution of intermuscular bones in grass carps were similar to those in other cyprinidae fishes, only containing two types of intermuscular bones, the epineural bone and the pepipleural bone, and the intermuscular bone in the upper part of the spine is the most complex and diverse. There are minor differences on the left and right sides of the fish body, presenting an asymmetric distribution, and the intermuscular bone at the base of the caudal fin is the most densely distributed and the bone is hard and short, the morphological pattern of intermuscular bone from the tail to the head is gradually complicated. According to the different forms of intermuscular bone, it can be divided into 7 shapes:“I” shape,"L” shape,"卜"shape,"Y" shape, multi-forked at one end, two-forked at both ends and multi-forked at both ends. The “multi-forked end” is the newly discovered type of intennuscular bone in grass carp. Studies have shown that "L" shape may be a transition form from “I” shape to “卜” shape, so it is speculated that the intennuscular bone evolution path of grass carps may be:"1” shape 一"L” shape -"卜” shape-“Y" shape-multi-forked at one end-two-forked at both ends-multi -forked at both ends. In this paper, the observation and analysis of grass carps intermuscular bone provides a certain morphological basis for the evolution path and molecular mechanism of intermuscular bone.