中国目录学七十年:发展回溯与评析

70 Years of Chinese Bibliography Development: Retrospect and Analysis

本文将中国目录学发展的历时性描述与共时性评析相结合,从外引与内生、分离与衔接、机遇与挑战、单一与多元、独立与依附、重建与迷失、传统与现代七个方面对新中国成立七十年以来目录学的发展进行回溯和评析,勾勒出七十年间中国目录学发展的路径及框架。新的时代背景下,需要认真反思,重构中国目录学理论和体系。

In 1949, the founding of the People's Republic of China created an unprecedented environment for the development of Chinese bibliography and opened a new chapter of Chinese bibliography. This paper reviews and analyses the characteristics and laws of Chinese bibliography in the past 70 years, combines diachronic description with synchronic analysis, and outlines its development path from seven aspects. At the same time, this paper provides directional guidance for the future development of bibliography by analyzing the new environment faced by bibliography in the new era. First, the integration of external and internal development is the main line that runs through the 70-year theoretical research of bibliography in China, and even the whole process of bibliography modernization. The modernization of Chinese bibliographic theory has gone through a process from learning and introducing advanced theories from the Soviet Union and the West to discovering and recognizing oneself. In the 1990s, the formation of modem bibliographic theory system based on bibliographic information movement law was the most outstanding achievement in the 70-year theoretical research of Chinese bibliography. Second, Chi-nese bibliography has undergone a real transformation from classical bibliography to modem bibliography in the past 70 years. Bibliographic practice and academic research have also shifted from traditional aggregation to scientific separation. However, in the new environment, there is a problem that Chinese bib-liography can not connect theory with practice after separation. The field of bibliographic practice calls for practical academic research guidance. Third, the active application of information technology in bibliography is both an opportunity and a challenge. Information technology promotes the renewal of bibliography knowledge structure, opens up a new growth point of bibliography, and challenges the orientation and future development of bibliography discipline. Fourth, the research paradigm and methods of bibliography in China have undergone nuiltipie transformations from singleness to pluralism. In the past 70 years, the main-stream paradigm of bibliography in China has undergone two transmutations. The multiple research para-digms have been highlighted in the modem bibliographic research in a synchronic way. The philosophical methods and general methods of bibliographic research have become more scientific. Fifth, the dependency characteristics of Chinese bibliography appeal to the independence of subject. The ambiguity o￡ subject own-ership and the dispersion of knowledge system of bibliography all lead to the ambiguity of subject orientation of bibliography. The autonomous consciousness of bibliography subject is easily influenced by social ideology and social ideological trend. Sixth, the academic community of bibliography in New China has been rebuilt rapidly, but gradually lost under the situation of discipline transformation. This is accompanied by the drawbacks of modem subject education and the lack of academic spirit of contemporary scholars. Seven, the development of modem bibliography needs to absorb and integrate the fine traditions of classical bibliography. Numerous valuable achievements of classical bibliography have not been properly developed and protected. Modem bibliography will lose its connotation and ideological source if it loses the excellent tradition of classical bibliography, while the value of classical bibliography will not be diminished whether it is inherited or not.