“一带一路”倡议下南海的新“航行自由”观——反驳美国“过度海洋主张”

New Concept of “Freedom of Navigation” in South China Sea under the “Belt and Road Initiative”: Refuting American “Excessive Maritime Claim”

在“一带一路”倡议的背景下,以合理稳妥的方式应对南海问题至关重要。中美的争议在于一国军舰在他国领海是否享有无害通过权以及一国军事活动能否发生在他国的专属经济区内等。在有关南海问题上,美国提出“过度海洋主张”理论来表明其实施的“航行自由行动”是一种维护“航行自由”权利的体现。但“过度海洋主张”理论不仅挑战了国际法中“和平利用海洋”的原则,也违反了《联合国海洋法公约》的规定。尊重沿海国家的主权和领土安全是中国的航行自由所主张的基本理念,这是在国际法框架之下恪守“和平利用海洋”原则,以积极寻求充分行使海洋航行权的方式来实现航行自由。

Under the background of the“Belt and Road Initiative”, it is vital to address the South China Sea issue in a reasonable and safe way. The disputes between China and America lie in whether the warships of a country have the right of inoffensive passage in other country’s territorial waters and carry out military activities in Exclusive Economic Zone(EEZ) of other countries. On the South China Sea issue,“American Excessive Maritime Claim” demonstrates its implementation of “Freedom of Navigation Program” to maintain its “freedom of navigation”. The “Excessive Maritime Claim” not only challenges the basic principles of international law, but also breaks the essence and stipulations of the “United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea”. China’s new concept on the principle of “Freedom of Navigation”is to respect the legal rights of coastal states, and to achieve freedom of navigation by abiding by the principle of “peaceful use of the sea” and searching for a complete execution of maritime navigation right under the framework of international law and abiding by the principle of the peaceful use of the ocean.