我国体育高考及改革探究

Research on College Entrance Examination and Reform of Physical Education in China

本文利用文献资料法、访谈法、调查法对我国各省市体育高考术科考试项目、评分标准、项目分值及考试模式进行研究。体育高考术科考试作为选拔、培养专业体育教育人才是组成学校体育的重要组成部分,对未来的体育教育质量至关重要。经研究表明我国体育高考术科考试模式分为:“身体素质”模式、“身体素质+专项”模式、“身体素质+综合运动”模式、“身体素质+专项+非专项运动技能”模式,四种体育高考考试模式各有其优点和不足。其中“身体素质”模式中,考核内容单一,缺少运动技术测试,应试性强。“身体素质+专项”模式中,在对专项考核过程中会掺杂主观因素且专项评分不够细腻。“身体素质+综合运动技能”模式中,专项考核内容统一,考生缺少自主选择性。“身体素质+专项+非专项运动技能”模式中,对身体素质考核内容不全面且分值设置不合理。“3+1+1”模式是在“身体素质+专项+非专项基本运动技能项”模式基础上提出的设想。其优点是考察内容全面,考试过程公平,项目设置合理。学生能够在进入高校前掌握两门以上运动技术,从而真正的提升体育教师的专业技术涵养。

In this paper, the methods of literature, interview and investigation are used to study the items, scoring standards, item scores and examination modes of the physical education college entrance examination in various provinces and cities in China. As an important part of school physical education, college entrance examination is very important to the quality of future physical education. According to the research, the physical college entrance examination in China is divided into four examination modes:“physical quality” mode,“physical quality + special mode”,“physical quality + comprehensive sports mode”, and “physical quality + special + non-special sports skill”. In the “physical fitness” mode, the assessment content is single, lacking of sports technology test, and the examination is strong. In the mode of “physical fitness + special”, subjective factors will be mixed in the process of special assessment and the special score is not delicate enough. In the mode of “physical quality + comprehensive sports skills”, the content of special assessment is unified, and the examinee lacks self-selection. In the mode of “physical fitness + special sports skill + non-special sports skill”, the content of physical fitness assessment is not comprehensive and the score setting is not reasonable. The “3+1+1” model is based on the “physical fitness + special + non-special basic sports skills” model. Its advantage is to inspect content is comprehensive, exam process is fair, project is set reasonable. Students can master more than two sports skills before entering colleges and universities, so as to truly improve the professional skills of PE teachers.