中国金融业深化对外开放的负面清单机制研究——基于CPTPP和GATS的比较分析

The Financial Negative List Policy and China’s Financial Opening Up: A Comparative Analysis Based on CPTPP and GATS

中国的金融业对外开放包括国内自主开放和国际协约谈判两个层面,形成了国内外负面清单并行的金融业开放格局。国际自贸协定中的金融负面清单是联结国内开放措施和国际经贸规则的桥梁。目前,中国金融业对外开放的负面清单机制还面临自主开放措施与负面清单衔接不足、缺乏相关国际缔约实践、国内外负面清单发展不平衡等问题。本文通过研究国际缔约实践中最具代表性的《全面且进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》(CPTPP)金融负面清单,并将其与《服务贸易总协定》(GATS)进行对比分析,总结出CPTPP金融负面清单在国内监管和国际规则方面的特点。在此基础上,本文提出了对中国金融业进一步深化对外开放的政策建议:优化国内金融业外资准入政策,将金融开放措施有针对性地与国内、国际负面清单相对接;在国际协约谈判中合理设定金融业开放水平,灵活设置清单模式并充分利用未来不符措施清单预留政策空间;国内、国际金融业负面清单需统筹协调、并行不悖。

China's financial opening up has formed two parallel negative lists, one domestic and one international, in the process of China's domestic financial reform and international negotiation. The negative list formed in international trade agreements is an important bridge that connects domestic reform and international rules. The problems confronting China's financial opening up include the insufficient connection between the two negative lists, lack of related experience in international trade agreement, the imbalance between domestic and international negative lists, and so on. This paper compares the most representative agreement, the CPTPP, with the GATS, finds the features of the financial negative list of CPTPP on domestic regulation and international rules. This paper then proposes some policy suggestions to further promote China's financial opening up. First, connect the two negative lists and optimize China's market access policy in the financial industry. Second, set reasonable level of financial opening up in international negotiation, adopt more flexible negative list and reserve policy space using the conformity rules. Finally, coordinate the domestic and international negative lists.