建立独立筹资的长期护理保险制度——“郑州模式”的创新

Construction of Long-Term Care Insurance System Based on Independently Financing:Zheng Zhou Case and Its Innovation

长期护理保险制度与其他社保制度之间有明显界限,其特殊性决定应当采取独立筹资的方式。但从中央文件和地方试点经验来看,这项制度对医疗保险制度的依附性很强,筹资主要来自医疗保险基金划转,严重影响了长期护理保险制度的独立性。文章研究了医疗保险基金完全退出长期护理保险制度筹资渠道的"郑州模式",在该模式下,个人缴费可负担,财政补助可承受,长期来看,财务制度可持续。尽早建立个人缴费和财政补助相结合的筹资机制,可以实现长期护理保险制度的独立筹资。

Long Term Care Insurance System with its unique nature should be financed independently due to its differences from any other existing social security systems.But in China the LTC system is financed mainly from Medical Insurance funds whatever in terms of government documents or local pilots’.experience,which makes the LTC system rely too heavily on MI system and lose its independence as a social insurance system.In this paper,Zhengzhou Mode is designed,whose core idea is leaving LTC system out of MI funds and to finance from individual contribution and government subsidies.The result shows that the financing burden can be borne to both participants and the governments,and fiscal sustainability can be achieved in the long run.It is suggested that LTC system should be established with independent financing with individual contribution and government subsidies.