氢能产业发展的挑战与机遇分析——以山西为例

Opportunities and Challenges of Developing Hydrogen Energy Industry in Shanxi Province

面对当前能源发展面临的诸多问题,清洁能源的开发和利用已成为全球各国发展的重要方向。氢能作为战略性能源,具有能源效率高、资源丰富、低碳环保、用途广泛等优势,对经济发展和社会进步都具有举足轻重的作用。本文对发达国家氢能发展的现状进行了阐述,结合我国应对全球气候变化、保障国家能源供应安全、推动高质量发展的必然要求,对我国氢能与燃料电池发展现状、制氢途径及经济性进行了分析。在此基础上进一步详细论证了山西发展氢能产业的优势及途径。山西具有充足的风、水、光资源,但因目前技术应用的局限,存在弃风电、水电、光电现象,利用风水光发电制氢可达到储能提高综合效益之目的;焦化工业是山西支柱产业之一,利用年产184亿标立方剩余焦炉煤气可形成年产千万吨级的氢能基地并带动制造业及相关产业发展。山西通过对氢能发展进行科学规划、技术创新和人才培养,会对成为能源革命排头兵起到重要推动作用。

At present,in view of a series of problems with energy development,countries all over the world have taken thedevelopment and utilization of clean energies as an important development orientation. As energy of strategic importance,hydrogenenergy,characterized with high-energy efficiency,rich reserve,low carbon,environmental friendliness,extensive use,and many otheradvantages,plays a vital role in economic development and social progress. On the basis of investigating the development status ofhydrogen energy in developed countries worldwide,the inevitable requirements are introduced in the paper,which must be met in Chinafor the purposes of tackling global climate change,guaranteeing national energy supply security,and promoting high-qualitydevelopment. After that,the development status of hydrogen energy and fuel cells,the approaches of hydrogen production,and theeconomic efficiency of these approaches in China are elaborated. Finally,the advantages and paths of developing the hydrogen energyindustry in Shanxi Province are demonstrated in details. There are abundant wind,water and solar energy resources in Shanxi Province.However,a lot of wind power,hydropower and photovoltaic power have been abandoned due to the limitations of current technologyapplication. Hydrogen generation,using wind,water and solar energy,could achieve the purpose of energy storage and further improvecomprehensive benefits. Coking is one of the pillar industries in Shanxi province,and 1.84í10^10 Nm3 of surplus coke oven gas(SCOG)isproduced. Efficient utilization of SCOG could form a hydrogen energy based on annual output of 10 million tons,and promote thedevelopment of manufacturing industry and related industries. Shanxi will become the leader of the energy revolution through hydrogenenergy’s scientific planning,technological innovation and personnel training.