从德沃金到昂格尔:现代平等保护法律理论的确立与批判

From Dworkin to Unger:the Foundation and Criticism of Modern Equal Protection Doctrine

平等是全世界普遍遵循的原则。德沃金的平等保护法律理论对现代美国平等保护的理论和实践具有重要意义,从原则问题理论出发,将平等当作至上的美德,认为法律应当体现平等这种道德共识,并提出通过资源平等的方式实现平等保护。昂格尔则对以德沃金为代表的自由主义法律理论提出了批判,认为现代法律不具有中立性,而是政治力量此消彼长的产物,平等保护不是抽象的价值,而是一种动态权利。

Equality is a principle applied by nations all over the world. Ronald Dworkin’s equal protection doctrine made significant contribution to modern equal protection doctrine and practice in the United States. From the doctrine of principles, Dworkin treated equality as sovereign virtue, and promoted the equality of resource. Roberto Unger criticized the liberal legal theories represented by Dworkin and claimed that modern law was a result of politics rather than neutrality, proposing equal protection as a kind of destabilization right.