西方学者中国武术“主体性”研究的哲学阐释

Research of Western Scholars’ Interpretation of Chinese Martial Arts’ Subjectivity

了解西方学者对中国武术哲学思想的研究状况是武术深度国际化研究的重要一步。只有了解以至理解他们的范式,才能知道用什么样的话语更好地与之交流,完成“走出去”的战略。目前,西方学者借助自身的哲学方法和话语,从主体性哲学视域出发,将中国武术阐释为一种具身化的身-心技术和教育,这其中包括:(1)武术修习对整体自我意识的构建和自信、自尊、自律等身体素养的养成;(2)通过与师父、与师兄弟和对手的身体“对话”,具身地将伦理情感和共同体意识印刻在自我实践当中,同时也潜移默化地将共同体所预持的历史文化和意识形态融合到了身体认知之中;(3)通过武术修习,将人不思而得、不勉而中的超越性自我释放出来,助人明心、见性、从容中道。在西方哲学家的阐释中,中国武术实质上就是一种“自我技术”,这种自我技术体现了人如何把自己构建成为自身行动的价值主体和超越主体。通过阐释西方哲学家的中国武术研究,能够以他山之石克服国内武术研究的“庐山之蔽”,对中国武术未来回归身体教育和实践哲学研究有着重要的镜鉴意义,也为我们的武术研究进入西方学术话语提供了研究导向。

Understanding the western scholars’ research into the Chinese martial arts philosophy is important in the in-depth study of internationalization of martial arts. Understanding their paradigm can help better communicate with the western scholars and help the Chinese martial arts better accepted internationally. The western scholars adopt their own discourse and philosophical approaches, starting from the philosophy of subjectivity in interpreting the Chinese martial arts as an embodiment of body, mind, technology and education. The martial arts practice builds for self-awareness and self-confidence, self-esteem, self-discipline, self literacy cultivation. Through the physical practice with the masters, teachers, brothers and rivals, the ethical emotions and the sense of community in the self has been imprinted. Meanwhile, the history, culture and ideology preconceived by the community has been unconsciously integrated into the physical cognition. Trough martial arts practice, the transcendental ego is released in the process of being unmindful and uninspiring, and helps people to enlighten, embracing idea, being mediocre. The interpretative discourse of western philosophers of the Chinese martial arts reflects how people build themselves into the value subject(ethical, aesthetic) and transcendental subject of their own actions.