失信、失序、失语与失位——浅析家庭伦理视阈中的《玩偶之家》

Absence in the Belief-Order-Communication-Obligation:A Brief Analysis of A Doll’s House in the View of Family Ethics

《玩偶之家》常被作为社会问题剧经典剧目,这一归类限制了对作品的理解。《玩偶之家》在题材上具有鲜明的跨时代性、恒常性特点,集中反映了普泛性的人类家庭伦理困境。剧中主要人物在灵魂层次的失信引起伦理层次的失序,体现为家庭生活中的失语——即夫妻沟通伦理的断裂,以及父亲角色功能的失位。问题的解决仍要从此出发,首先在灵魂世界建立对爱的生命本体而非对爱的果实的爱,然后在伦理层次重建守约精神,渐次恢复断裂的关系链条。

A Doll's House is often regarded as a classical play of social problems, this kind of designation restricts the understanding of the works. The theme of A Doll's House is characterized by its trans-epochal and constant nature, which reflects the dilemma of common human family ethics. The failure in belief of the main characters at the soul level caused disorder at the ethical level, such as the aphasia of communication in life between husband and wife, the absence of father's role. In order to solve the dilemma, we should correct the understanding of love and replace the desire for the love's fruit with itself;then, rebuild a spirit of contract, and repair the broken relationships.