《琵琶记》作者高明的科举情结及其成因

Imperial Examination Obsession of Gao Ming,the Author of Song of a Pi-pa Player,and Its Causes

《琵琶记》作为南戏之祖,其思想内涵丰富。如忠孝矛盾、科举文化等。高明在《琵琶记》中,通过对蔡公、张大公与蔡婆相反科举观的揭示;对蔡伯喈被父强逼应试时和中状元前后矛盾心态的刻画以及元代科举录取人数不符史实的记载,为我们展示了一种既向往又压抑,既想放手去追求又似乎意不在此,既想安于现状又不安于现状的科举情结。此种科举情结与他的家学师承、元代理学思想紧密相联。高明此种科举情结代表了元代中后期士人普遍的科举观。因此,有很重要的认识价值。

As the ancestor of Southern Opera,Song of a Pi-pa Player had rich ideas,such as the contradiction of loyalty and filial piety,imperial examination culture,etc. In Song of a Pi-pa Player,Gao Ming revealed the opposite view of imperial examination by Cai Gong,Zhang Dagong and Cai Po. The depiction of Cai Bojie’s ambivalence before and after,when he was forced to exam by his father,and the imperial examinations in the Yuan Dynasty did not conform to the historical facts. He showed us a kind of yearning and repression,wishing to go after it but showing no such intention simultaneously,desiring to give in to the present situation but being unsatisfied with the present situation at the same time. This kind of imperial examination obsession was closely related to the education from his family and teachers,and the Neo-Confucianism thought of Yuan Dynasty. Gao ming’s imperial examination obsession represented the general imperial examination view of the scholars in the middle and late Yuan Dynasty,which was worth studying.