唐代碑志所见非汉民族姚秦余宗南徙实证及其士族化

A Conclusive Study of the Southern Migration of Yao Qin Descendants,a Non-Han Nationality,as Seen in Tang Dynasty Epitaphs

南北朝时期羌族姚苌家族在五胡十六国多权争霸的历史潮流中建立了后秦政权(又称姚秦),短短三十四载灭于南朝刘裕政权,末代帝王姚泓被带至建康斩首,其他姚氏余宗则被迫南徙,迁于江南。但其余宗所迁具体为何地,因各类史传未详实记载,成为盲点。文章以明确为羌姚后裔的陕西西安市郊近年出土《姚承珇墓志》为中心,结合已经出土的多通唐代羌姚人物墓志,联系史志,为南徙姚秦余宗找到了证据,认为所迁之地就是吴兴郡(今浙江省湖州区),并且论证了吴兴羌姚余宗在唐代的发展,为扩展研究羌族的领域、推动羌族史的深入研究提供了新的重要材料。

In the Southern and Northern Dynasties,the Yao Chang family of the Qiang nationality established the post-Qin regime(also known as Yao Qin) in the historical trend of struggle in the Sixteen Kingdoms of Wuhu,but was destroyed by the Liu Yu regime in the Southern Dynasty in just 34 years. Yao Hong,the last emperor,was brought to Jian Kang to decapitate his head,while other Yao Qin descendants were forced to migrate southward to the south of the Yangtze River. However,the specific location of the other clans’ migration has become a blind spot,because all kinds of Historical Biographies do not contain detailed information.Based on the Epitaph of Yao Chengju(the descendant of Qiang Yao) unearthed in the suburbs of Xi’an in recent years,combing other epitaphs of Qiang Yao in Tang Dynasty and the historical records,this paper finds conclusive evidence for Yao Qin Descendant migrated to the south. It holds that the place he moved in is Wuxing County(Huzhou District of Zhejiang Province today),and demonstrates the development of Wuxing Yao Qin Descendant in Tang Dynasty. The study of the field of Qiang nationality provides new and important materials for the further development of the study of Qiang nationality history.