新中国成立70年以来我国出国留学教育的回顾与前瞻

Review and Prospect of Overseas Education since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China

新中国成立70年以来,我国出国留学教育历经初步确立时期、恢复探索时期、规范调整时期和提升完善时期的变迁,取得了巨大进展,为社会主义现代化事业培养了一批又一批高层次人才。我国确立了规模、质量和效益并重的留学方针,国家战略需要、单位发展需要和个人发展需要相补充的多元化目标,“走出去”与“引进来”相结合的留学战略,形成了公派留学为引领和自费留学为主体的留学格局,积累了丰富的经验,同时也存在出国留学教育结构失衡、政府奖学金的引领作用有待提升、留学管理与服务体系有待完善、人才流失严重等问题。为此,我国出国留学教育必须加强统筹规划,集中公派留学资源培养国家急需人才,优化出国留学管理与服务,加强对自费留学生的服务、管理和资助,健全留学生归国就业创业优惠政策。

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China 70 years ago, China's overseas education has undergone periods of initial establishment, exploration, standardization, and improvement, and made tremendous progress, and trained millions of high-level talents for the cause of socialist modernization. Although we have accumulated abundant experience, there are also some problems, such as the unbalanced structure of overseas education, the weak role of government scholarships, the poor management and service system, and the serious brain drain. To promote the further development of China's education abroad, we must strengthen overall planning, concentrate public resources to cultivate urgently needed talents, optimize the management and service of studying abroad, strengthen the service, management and financial support for self-funded students, and improve the preferential employment of returned students.