短时正念干预对高中生焦虑及压力知觉的作用

Effect of short-term mindfulness intervention on anxiety and perceptual stress among senior high school students

目的探讨短时正念干预对于降低个体焦虑、压力知觉的内在机制。方法招募134名高中生,按照简单随机分组方法分为注意组(n=53)、接纳组(n=41)和控制组(n=40)。注意组与接纳组分别接受注意呼吸与接纳负性情绪的正念干预方案;控制组不进行正念干预,阅读中性历史科普材料。在干预前后分别采用划消任务激发焦虑与压力知觉,采用焦虑自评量表与压力知觉量表中文版(Chineseperceivedstressscale,CPSS)测查焦虑与压力知觉水平,并记录划消任务结果。采用方差分析与多元线性回归进行数据统计分析。结果注意组、接纳组在划消任务时焦虑水平前后测差值[分别为(-1.44±2.42)分和(-1.06±2.58)分]高于控制组[(0.08±2.56)分],差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。在控制性别、年龄、划消数量变化以及前测焦虑的基础上,组间差异对后测划消任务前焦虑的预测作用差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),注意组相较于控制组对后测划消任务中焦虑的预测作用差异有统计学意义(t=-2.84,P<0.01),接纳组相较于控制组对后测划消任务中焦虑的预测作用差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论注意和接纳在短时正念训练中有不同的作用机制,正念中的注意因素对降低个体任务中的焦虑水平有显著作用。

Objective To explore the internal mechanism of short-term mindfulness intervention in reducing individual anxiety and stress perception. Methods Totally 134 subjects were recruited and randomized into attention group (n=53), acceptance group (n=41) and control group (n=40). Attention group received observation of breathing intervention program, acceptance group received acceptance of negative emotions intervention program and the control group did not intervene mindfulness and read the social science materials of history. Before and after intervention, cancelled tasks were used to stimulate anxiety and stress perception, and self-rating anxiety scale and Chinese perceived stress scale (CPSS) were used to measure anxiety and stress perception level, and the results of cancelled tasks were recorded. Variance analysis and multiple linear regression were used for data statistics. Results The changes of anxiety in attention group and acceptance group((-1.44±2.42)and(-1.06±2.58)) were significantly higher than that in control group(0.08±2.56)(both P<0.01). On the basis of controlling the changes of gender, age, number of cancellations and pre-test anxiety, the differences between groups had no significantly predictive effect on pre-cancellative anxiety(P>0.05). The attention group had significant predictive effect on anxiety in post-projected cancellative task compared with the control group (t=-2.84, P<0.01), while the acceptance group had no significant predictive effect on anxiety in post-projected cancellative task compared with the control group(P>0.05). Conclusion Attention and acceptance play different roles in short-term mindfulness training. Attention factor in mindfulness plays a key role in reducing anxiety level in individual tasks.