以“理”驭“势”——论胡安国《春秋传》的义理逻辑

Control ’Current Situation’ by ’Heavenly Principles’——On the Righteousness Logic of Hu Anguo’s Spring and Autumn Biography

胡安国以天理统摄《春秋》大义,将之作为经学义理的最高本体,天理以“理一分殊”的方式得到体现。因此,其在经学诠释上,有着“以理驭势”的义理逻辑:天理通过圣人书法落实于具体历史实践,来驾驭和制衡人欲横流无理的时势。以“理”驭“势”的义理逻辑,在诠释中具体地落实为重义轻利、贵王贱霸、尊君抑臣、内夏外夷。胡安国藉以理驭势的内在逻辑建构其《春秋》学的义理大纲,是道学奠立《六经》理论范式的重要表现,决定着南宋到清初《春秋》学的基本形态。

Hu Anguo used the heavenly principles to govern the great righteousness of Spring and Autumn Annals, and regarded it as the highest noumenon of the righteousness of Confucian classics, which was embodied in the way of universality and particularity. Therefore, in the interpretation of Confucian classics, it had the righteousness logic of control current situation by heavenly principles, which was implemented in specific historical practice through the style of the Spring and Autumn Annals from Confucius, to control and balance the unreasonable situation of human desires flowing crosswise. The righteousness logic of this theory was specifically implemented as following aspects: value justice above material gains, noble king and inferior hegemony, respect monarch and restrain minister, internal China and foreign Yi Di. Hu Anguo constructed his righteousness outline by the internal logic of this theory, which was an important manifestation of the theoretical paradigm of the Six Classics established by Neo-Confucianism, and determined the basic form of the theory of Spring and Autumn Annals study from the Southern Song Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty.