“四相簪花”在清代翰林院中的认同与书写——以馆课赋《金带围赋》创作为中心的考察

The Identity and Writing of “Four Prime Ministers Hairpin Flowers” in the Imperial Academy of Qing Dynasty——Centered on the Creation of Jindaiwei Fu

“四相簪花”是与金带围相关的著名典故,韩琦、陈升之、王安石、王珪四人都先后位至宰相,作为芍药著名品种的金带围因此成为吉祥富贵的征兆。清代馆课赋以“金带围”为题前后持续百余年的时间。由于“四相簪花”的富贵气象与神奇巧合,这批馆课赋往往以金带围为吉祥富贵的征兆,翰林文士以此寄寓了对自身显宦荣通的憧憬和国家富贵太平的愿望。清代馆课赋常有同题不同时的现象,但《金带围赋》时间持续之久为它题之赋所不及。百余年间馆课赋反复以“金带围”为题,既与金带围自身的物象特征及由“四相簪花”赋予的意象意义分不开,也与馆课赋的颂扬本质有关。“四相簪花”所蕴含的吉祥富贵意义契合了大一统王朝下翰林文士的创作心态与文化心理。

“Four Prime Ministers hairpin flowers” is a famous allusion related to Jindaiwei. Han Qi, Chen Shengzhi, Wang Anshi and Wang Qi all came to the position of Prime Minister successively. As a famous variety of peony, Jindaiwei became a sign of auspieiousness and wealth. The topic of “Jindaiwei” Fu in Qing Dynasty’s Guan Ke lasted for more than a hundred years. Because of the magnificent indication and magical coincidence of “Prime Ministers hairpin flowers”, these Guan Ke Fus often took Jindaiwei as a sign of auspicious wealth. Imperial Academicians expressed expectations of their own prosperity and desires for national’s prosperity and peace. The same topic tvas often different in the Qing Dynasty, but the duration of Jindaiwei Fu was significant. The reason of the repeated usage of the theme of “Jindaiwei” in Guan Ke Fu over the one hundred years was not only related to the physical characteristics of Jindaiwei and the imager)' meanings given by “ Four Prime ministers hairpin flowers”, but also related to the nature of praise of Guan Ke Fu. The auspicious and rich significance of “Four Prime Ministers hairpin flowers” corresponded to the creation mentality and cultural psychology of the writers in Hanlin under the unified dynasty.