回归乡土与德意志帝国时期的现代化危机

The Return to Heimat and the Crisis of Modernization in Imperial Germany

德意志帝国时期急速工业化和城市化导致现代与传统的剧烈碰撞,形成“现代化危机”。传统乡土作为人们童年记忆中的安全之地,成为他们躲避“现代化危机”的本能选择,由此催生了精神文化和社会领域以回归传统乡土为取向的乡土运动。可以说,回归传统乡土就是人们用来化解“现代化危机”的一种传统取向的求解。回归传统乡土不仅给怀念前现代乡土生活的人们以精神慰藉,使受到工业化和城市化冲击的传统乡土文化和自然景观得到一定的保护,而且促进了德国文化和自然景观保护传统的形成,对于德国构建和谐合理的传统与现代关系产生了深远影响。

Imperial Germany’s rapid industrialization and urbanization engendered dramatic clashes between modernity and tradition,leading to a modernization crisis.As the safe place of childhood memories,the traditional Heimat(native place;home)became an instinctive choice for Germans seeking refuge from the crisis.This catalyzed the "return to Heimat" movement in spiritual culture and the social field.One could say that returning to the traditional Heimat was a tradition-based solution aimed at defusing the modernization crisis.Not only did it provide spiritual comfort to people nostalgic for the pre-modern lifestyle of Heimat;it also offered a degree of protection against the onslaught of industrialization and urbanization for traditional Heimatculture and the natural landscape,and encouraged the growth of a tradition of preserving German culture and the natural setting.It had a profound influence on the awareness of building harmonious and rational relationships between tradition and modernity.