绿色出行视角下欧洲生态社区规划实践的经验与启示

Experience and Enlightenment of Europe’s Eco-community Planning Practice in Green Travel Perspective

欧洲是绿色交通理念与实践的先驱,已开展诸多成功引导居民绿色出行的生态社区规划实践.我国生态社区研究与实践偏重绿色建筑、可再生能源及废弃物管理等内容,对绿色交通关注较少.文章通过典型案例,从用地模式、路网形式与停车策略三个方面剖析欧洲生态社区为支持绿色交通发展采用的规划方法.研究表明,促进绿色出行需多方面协作,离不开小均布、大紧凑的混合土地利用,安全、便捷、舒适的非机动交通体系,限速、限行、限停的小汽车出行环境以及高效率、高品质的公共交通系统.我国社区需因地制宜地选择适宜的开发模式和实施路径,促进居民出行结构优化.

As a pioneer on green transportation concept and green travel practice, Europe has many ecocommunity planning practice, which have successfully promoted the share of green travel. However, previous researches and practice on eco-community in China usually focused on green buildings, renewable energy and waste management with little attention paid to green transportation. Based on typical study cases, this paper analyzes the planning methods adopted to support the development of green transportation through land use patterns, road network forms and parking strategies. The Findings indicate that improving the proportion of green travel need the cooperation of measures. Mixed land use with smart layout;convenient, safe and comfortable non-motorized travelling network;speed-limits, restrictions and parking-limits on cars as well as high-quality of public transit system are four efficient factors. To optimize residents' travel structure, the planning practice of communities in China should select appropriate development mode and implementation approaches with full consideration of construction conditions.