清代圣贤奉祀生选补研究

A Preliminary Study on the Selection and Supplement of Sages in Qing Dynasty

清代地方有圣贤祠宇,充补之人为圣贤嫡系后裔,是清代奉祀生得以设立的两个基本准则。圣贤奉祀生的选补包括了遗缺和补选两大环节,均由衍圣公、礼部、地方督抚学政共同负责,完成相关的审查及注册工作。其中,在因奉祀生告退、病故等原因造成职位遗缺时,为保证圣贤祭祀正常,须及时选补新的奉祀生。补选的奉祀生必须为在本省居住,娴熟礼仪、履历清白的圣贤嫡系后裔。

There are temples of sages in the place and people who supply temples are the descendants of sages. The selection of sacrificial officials in Qing Dynasty includes two parts: retire and employ by-election. For thetesting of the following sacrifice of sages,the governmentshould timely select new sacrificials to preside over the sacrifice. The selected worshippers must be descendants of sages and virtuous persons who are skilled in etiquette and have a clear resume in the province. The departmentscharging this work are YanShenggong,the Ministry of Rites and the local governors,so as to complete the relevant examination and registration.