中国语境下的合宪性审查制度构建——推进以宪法和法律委员会为主导的职能整合

Construction of Constitutional Review System in Chinese Context——Promote the Integration of Functions Led by the Constitution and Law Committee

作为宪法实施重要保障的宪法监督是一种特殊的宪法实施方式,但过于宽泛的理解宪法监督缺乏现实意义,狭义的宪法监督与违宪审查、合宪性审查概念不谋而合。我国合宪性审查制度的建构不应完全突破现有的制度框架,避免国家权力的重新洗牌。在备案审查作为合宪性审查过滤机制的基础上,由宪法和法律委员会主导合宪性审查工作,同时通过合宪性审查程序的建构赋予最高法院强制力较高的“审查要求权”,由司法机关对个案中法律条款的合宪性争议提交人大常委会决定,形成对审查权的外部制约。

Constitutional supervision, which is an important guarantee for constitutional implementation, is a special form of constitutional implementation. However, the overly broad understanding of constitutional supervision lacks practical significance. The narrow sense of constitutional supervision coincides with the concept of unconstitutional review and constitutional review. Construction of Constitutional Review System in China should not completely break the existing institutional framework, to avoid re-shuffling of state power. On the basis of the filing and review system as the filtering mechanism of the constitutional review, the constitution and law committee lead the constitutional review work, and at the same time, through the construction of the procedure, the supreme people’s court will be given a power of review requirements with higher compulsory. The judiciary submits the constitutional disputes of the legal provisions in the case to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress, to form an external constraints on the right to review.