市川房枝与日本妇女选举运动——近现代日本政治暗流的形成

Ichikawa Fusae and the Japanese Women’s Election Campaign——The formation of the undercurrent of political politics in modern Japan

市川房枝是近现代日本政治史上颇具代表性的妇女解放运动家和女性政治家。1924年12月,市川参与成立的"获得同盟"被视为战前日本妇女选举运动的摇篮,她作为妇女选举运动旗手始终坚持引领着为女性获得参政权的斗争。九一八事变的爆发使正处于高峰期的妇女选举运动急转直下,市川在提出反战主张的同时,将市民活动纳入妇女选举运动领域。1937年日本发动全面侵华战争,妇女选举运动转向为战时体制服务、支持侵略战争,市川也成为战争帮凶。经过战后民主化改革,日本女性获得了平等的参政权,但政治风气却趋于保守。回顾历史,可以说战前、战时妇女选举运动累积的经验,形成了近现代日本政治的暗流。市川在领导妇女选举运动的过程中,一边推动女性参与政治,一边与自民党主导的利益诱导型金权政治相抗衡。其倡导的"政治即是生活"政治理念与实践,也成为导致战后日本两次政权更迭的重要背景。

Ichikawa Fusae is a representative women’s liberation movement and female politician in the history of modern Japanese politics. In December 1924, the "acquisition alliance" that was established by Ichikawa was regarded as the cradle of Japan’s "women’s election campaign" before the war. As the "female woman" flagbearer, she always insisted on leading the struggle for women to participate in political power. The outbreak of the September 18 Incident caused the "women’s election campaign", which was at its peak, to turn sharply. Ichikawa, while proposing anti-war claims, included citizen activities in the field of "women’s election campaigns." In 1937, Japan launched a full-scale war of aggression against China. The "women’s election movement" turned to serve the wartime system and support the war of aggression. Ichikawa also became an accomplice to the war. After the post-war democratization reform, Japanese women gained equal political participation, while the political atmosphere tends to be conservative. Looking back at history, it can be said that the accumulated experience of the "women’s election movement" before and during the war has formed an undercurrent of modern Japanese politics. In the process of leading the "women’s election campaign", Ichikawa promoted women’s participation in politics while competing with the interest-inducing gold power politics led by the Liberal Democratic Party. The political concept and practice of "politics is life" advocated by it has also become an important background that led to the change of two regimes in Japan after the war.