中世末期南洋日本町初论

Preliminary Discussion on Southeast Asia Japanese-Cho at the End of Middle Ages

16世纪末17世纪初,日本由于南蛮贸易、朱印船贸易的大规模开展与国内禁教的移民压力,开始尝试向海外移民,主要目的地就是东南亚地区。这一时期,日本人在东南亚地区建立了许多被称为"日本町"的聚居地。这些自治与半自治的移民点主要集中在越南、柬埔寨、暹罗与吕宋的政治与经济中心。它们一方面促进了当地与日本的友好交往,一方面充当了朱印船贸易的贸易中介,在特定的历史时期发挥了极为重要的作用。随着日本町的发展,日本人开始卷入东南亚的政治斗争与贸易竞争,日本町受到当地政府与西方殖民者的日益重视并直接采取手段限制,其政治、经济环境不断恶化。由于日本国内外交政策转向,锁国政策彻底摧毁了日本町的经济基础与补充通道,日本町最终在17世纪中叶走向衰亡。

In late 16th century and early 17th century, because of the large-scale development of Japan-Europe trade, Shuinsen trade and the immigration pressure of the domestic forbidden religion, Japan began to try to emigrate abroad. The main destination is Southeast Asia. During this period, Japanese formed many habitations in Southeast Asia known as "Japanese-Cho"? These autonomous and semi-autonomous habitations are mainly concentrated in Vietnam, Cambodia, Siam and Luzon's political and economic center, on one hand, to promote friendly exchanges between the local and Japan, on the other hand, to act as a trade intermediary in the Shuinsen trade. In a specific historical period, Japanese-Cho has played an extremely important role. With the development of the Japanese- Cho, Japanese began to get involved in the political struggle and trade competition in Southeast Asia, by the local government and western colonists pay more and more attention and eventually take the means to limit the Japanese- Cho, the political and economic environment of the Japanese-Cho is deteriorating. Eventually, as a result of Japan*s domestic foreign policy shift, the seclusion orders completely destroyed the economic base and complementary channels of the Japanese-Cho. Japanese-Cho eventually went to decline in mid-17th century.