康德历史目的论下法权学说与道德学说的统一

On Unity of Doctrine of Right and Doctrine of Morality by Virtue of Historical Teleology for Kant

关于康德的法权学说与道德学说的统一,一种观点认为,由于法权原则源于道德法则,因而两个学说相统一。但相应的反驳认为法权原则独立于道德法则。另一种观点认为,法权原则与道德法则同源于自由概念,所以两个学说相统一。但相应的反驳认为自由对于两个学说的含义不同,因此二者不能以自由为中介而统一。由于上述两种观点各有其不足,本文提出第三种观点,即认为法权学说与道德学说同属于历史目的论的不同部分,在此意义上二者作为部分统一于历史目的论这个整体。

There are two viewpoints supporting Kant’s unity of the doctrine of right and morality in current Kantian study.One view holds that since the principle right is derived from moral principles,the two doctrines are united.However,this view fails to respond to the objection that the principle of right is independent of moral principles.Another view claims that the principle of right and morality is synonymous with the concept of freedom,so the two doctrines are unified.But the corresponding objections argued that freedom has different meanings for the two doctrines,therefore,the two cannot be unified through freedom.This paper will argue the third view that the doctrine of the doctrine of right and the doctrine of morality belong to different parts of historical teleology.In this sense,they are unified by virtue of the theory of historical teleology.