论先秦至晚清女教文献中的才德观

On Relationship between Female Talent and Virtue from Pre-Qin to Late Qing Dynasty

先秦至晚清女教文献中,女性才德观呈现出明显的“重德轻才”倾向,但不同历史时期又表现出“德才兼及”“重德贬才”“以才养德”“以才成德”“有才之德”“才德并重”等微妙变化。这些变化既与女性才德内涵的发展变迁有关,也有女性为自身所争取的才智建构空间,表明先秦至晚清社会对女性的才智表现并非完全不予重视,而是始终将其与妇德建构紧密相连,在特定条件下,社会对女性才智能够给予认同和鼓励,女性可以实现德才兼备。

Because of the ancient gender norms and Confucianism,women from pre-Qin to late Qing Dynasty had obvious characteristics of"emphasizing morality and despising talent".Female talent is a tool for the formation of women’s virtues.However,in different periods,the relationship between female talent and virtue has changed.For example,women have both"virtue and talent"and"emphasizing morality and light talent",etc.It shows that ancient society also paid attention to the talent of the female.In a special period,women can also have both talent and virtue at the same time.