微藻产油技术进展

Advances in oil production technology of microalgae

发展微藻生物能源是解决能源危机和环境问题的有效途径之一。目前微藻生物能源的藻种筛选、室外养殖、采收、油脂提取、能源制备等各工艺环节均已经打通,但成本高制约了微藻生物能源的产业化发展。本文分析了微藻生物能源的制备工艺(包括藻种特性、培养技术、油脂诱导技术、油脂转化技术等)及应用研究进展(包括反应器),并结合多年在藻种选育、室外规模化培养、低成本采收和藻油多组分分离方面的研究结果与经验,从多角度为微藻生物能源发展给出建议。指出微藻的全价开发将是微藻生物能源发展的有效模式,其中筛选采收成本低、耐污染、油脂含量较高、富含高值副产物的藻种非常重要,丝状藻是一个非常有潜力的方向,并考虑将物理法和水热液化法结合,实现微藻的多成分提取与分离,提高微藻价值的全价开发。

Developing microalgal technology is expected to be an effective way to address energy crisis and environmental challenges.To date,all the relevant technologies have achieved maturity,which encompass algae strains screening,outdoor cultivation,harvesting,lipids extraction and energy generation,etc.However,high cost remains the main obstacle to the industrialization of microalgae bioenergy.This paper was intended to recapitulate the techniques of micro-algal biofuel production,including the strains characteristics,cultivation,lipids induction and energy conversion technology,etc.and the progress of their application research.Finally,suggestions on microalgae bioenergy development were offered from multiple perspectives,which were based on years of firsthand experience.The full value chain development of microalgae may provide a viable way to its commercialization and it was crucial to screen those contamination-tolerant species with low harvesting cost and high lipids content.Among them,filamentous algae was considered as a promising strain. The physical method and hydrothermal liquefaction method can be combined to realize multi-component extraction and separation of microalgae,so as to explore the full potential of microalgae.