城乡融合背景下市民化困境及实现路径

The Predicament of Citizenization and its Implementation Path under Urban-Rural Integration

伴随新型城镇化和乡村振兴,农业转移人口双向流动越来越频繁,逆城镇化已成为很多农业转移人口甚至城市居民的选择,单纯注重乡—城流向已不能解决市民化问题,城—乡和乡—乡流向也是必须关注的问题。因此,新阶段的市民化必须在城乡融合过程中实现,市民与农民的区别在于职业不同,而不附加任何福利差异,空间转移并非市民化的一个阶段或市民化的标准,而只是一种类型。基于此,将市民化分成三种类型:一是农民工市民化;二是居村农民市民化和新型职业农民市民化;三是城郊农民和城中村农民市民化。通过分析不同类型的市民化面临的困境,提出为了可持续地推进市民化的进程,必须要因类施策。

With the new urbanization and rural revitalization, the two-way flow of agricultural population has become increasingly frequent. The reverse urbanization has become the choice of many agricultural populations and even urban residents. Simply focusing on rural-urban flow can no longer solve the problem of transferring rural people into urban residents. Rural-urban and rural-rural flows are also issues that we must pay attention to. Therefore, the citizenization in the new period must be realized in the process of urban-rural integration. The difference between the urban residents and the peasants lies in the different occupations, without any difference in welfare. The space transfer is not a stage of citizenization or its standard, instead just a type. Based on this, three types of citizenizations are categorized: one is turning migrant workers into urban residents;the second is the peasant citizenization of the village and the new type of professional peasant;the third is transferring peasants in the suburbs and in the city villages into urban residents. By analyzing the predicament that different citizenizations are facing, the paper puts forward corresponding policies to advance the process of citizenization in a sustainable manner.