论“越”姓歌调的海盐种属

On the Genre of Songs and Tunes Named with “Yue” in Haiyan

明代及清初,越地歌调有“越调”“越腔”“越声”“越吹”“越曲”“越歌”“越唱”等称呼,这些“越”姓歌调都是海盐属种的曲唱,也是官腔雅调。作为海盐腔的代称,其种属与海盐腔的形成和消亡密切相关,因此,对它们应分时段而论:当海盐腔活跃于戏曲舞台上时,剧唱与曲唱并存,它们都是海盐种属;海盐腔消亡后,随着口法的失传,有旋律而缺乏“色泽”的“越”姓歌调的歌唱已不是严格意义上的海盐种属,故不宜再视为海盐声或海盐腔。

In the Ming dynasty and the early Qing dynasty, the songs and tunes named with “Yue” are genres of Haiyan, and also the official tunes. As the designated name of Haiyan tone, the genres are closely related to the formation and extinction of Haiyan tone. Therefore, they should be divided according to different time. When Haiyan tone is active on the opera stage, the opera and tune coexist, and they are all genres of Haiyan tone. After the disappearance of Haiyan tone, and with the loss of the inheritance of oral singing, the singing of the “Yue” tunes with a melody but lack of charm is not Haiyan tone in the strict sense, so it should not be regarded as Haiyan tone.