对称二酯的高效选择性单水解及其应用研究进展

Recent Progress of Highly Efficient and Practical Selective Monohydrolysis of Symmetric Diesters and Its Application

半酯是二元羧酸的一个羧基被酯化的化合物,是合成药物、天然产物以及聚合物的重要构建材料。因此,探索高效的半酯合成方法学一直以来在合成领域受到极大关注。目前常用合成半酯的方法是传统的皂化反应和对称二酯的单水解反应,但是所得产物为复杂的混合物,且难以分离、半酯产率低,无法应用于大规模的生产实践。改变反应共溶剂等条件,高效选择性制备半酯成为研究的热点。本文综述了对称二酯的传统皂化反应的单水解及高效高择性单水解反应来合成半酯的方法,并综述了近年来对称二酯的高选择性单水解反应制备半酯及其应用的研究进展,包括其反应机理、碱对反应的影响、共溶剂的影响、超声效果的影响等。

Half-ester is a compound which one carboxyl group of dicarboxylic acid is esterified, and this compund is an important building material for synthetic drugs, natural products and polymers. Therefore, exploring of efficient synthetic methodologies of half-esters has recently received increasing attention in the field of synthesis. At present, the common methods for preparation of half-esters are traditional saponification reactions and monohydrolysis of symmetric diesters, but a more complex mixture is obtained, which is difficult to separate and has a low yield of half-ester. It is becoming research hot for highly efficient and practical selective monohydrolysis of diesters under the prompting of changing the reaction con. ditions such as co-solvent. In this paper, the traditional saponification reaction with symmetric diesters and high efficiency selective monohydrolysis reaction are reviewed. The recent progress in the highly selective monohydrolysis of symmetric di. esters and the application of preparing half-esters are summarized, including the reaction mechanism, the effect of alkali on the reaction, the influence of co-solvent and the effect of ultrasound.