财政危机下的国际组织变革路径

The Path of IO Change Under Fiscal Crisis: A Comparative Study of ILO,UNESCO and WHO

东北亚地区处在百年大变局的进程中。东北亚需要走出历史阴影、实现历史的认知和解,需要大思想、大智慧,特别需要政治勇气。当今东北亚地区的第一要务是维护和平。美国直接介入东北亚,因此,中国力量的提升对美国构成了直接挑战,中美之间的力量博弈成为影响东北亚地区关系和秩序构建的主要因素。面对诸多矛盾,我们需要把握变化的大局,以新的思维和行动推动新型安全机制的构建。以中国崛起为背景的东北亚大变局包含着新的含义:地区力量对比与秩序结构之变的特征与影响不同,引领性思想与行动发生转变,东方思想传统的影响力增强。东北亚大变局的深刻含义不是体现在短时就能看得见的全新结果,而是体现在一种迈向国际关系与秩序新范式的相对稳定的进程。中国在推动构建东北亚新安全关系与秩序中要发挥重要的引领作用。

Financial resources are indispensable to the operation of IOs. However, due to factors like the global financial crisis and unilateralism, fiscal pressure has become a challenge, as well as a trigger of reform, for many IOs. After 2008, the financial resources of International Labour Organization(ILO), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO) and World Health Organization(WHO)have been shrinking, thus insufficient to meet the needs of planned programs and ac-tivities. All the three international organizations have launched reforms to tackle the challenge. However, only ILO has successfully overcome the difficulties through repri-oritizing aims and narrowing down scope of activities. The similar efforts of UNESCO and WHO failed and they turned to strive for support and collaboration from major donors. The combination of P?A theory and historical institutionalism can provide an ex? planation of the variations in IOs' paths of change. The greater autonomy secretariat owns in budget planning, the more likely the IO will initiate priorities cutting reform. Nevertheless, if the agent departments inside secretariat can effectively exert influence on the implementation of the IO??s programs and budget, the reform initiative will probably fail. Moreover, if the fiscal pressure continues, the IO will try to adopt new arrangements that allow key contributors to have greater influence.