《明文海》删余稿价值探析

Analysis of the Value of the Redundant Draft of Ming Wenhai

黄宗羲是明清之际伟大的思想家、历史学家,他多才广学,学问渊博,经史百家无不研究,尤其在史学上成就尤为显著。在其后半生,费时二十六年,编成《明文案》482卷,统揽有明一代三百年文章之大集,借文存史,有“绝笔于文海”之说。清代乾隆时代编修《四库全书》时,《明文案》被收入其中过万页。后在乾隆皇帝下令复查之时,对《明文海》一些“违碍”内容进行了删改和抽换,形成删余稿,现珍藏于河南省图书馆。删余稿的存在,佐证了清朝统治者为禁锢思想而肆意删改图籍的做法,更为研究《四库全书》纂修史,提供了极为珍贵的第一手资料,在其本身的文献价值与学术价值之外,又增加更为重要的史证价值。

Huang Zongxi is a great thinker and historian between the Ming and Qing Dynasties.He is knowledgeable in many disciplines,especially in history.He spent 26 years compiling 482 volumes of Ming Wenhai,a collection of Ming Dynasty articles,trying to preserve historical facts in the form of literature.More than 10,000 pages of this book were included in Sikuquanshu at first and later,when a review was made according to the emperor,some parts were deleted and replaced,resulting in deleted manuscripts which are now stored in Henan Provincial Library and included in national precious ancient books list.The existence of the deleted manuscripts proves that the rulers of the Qing Dynasty made arbitrary deletion of the books for the purpose of imprisonment.It also provides valuable first-hand information for the study of the compilation history of Sikuquanshu.Beside its own literature value and academic value,it is an important historical evidence.