云南水稻种质资源农艺性状表型多样性分析及综合评价

Phenotypic diversity analysis and comprehensive evaluation of agronomic characters of rice germplasm resources in Yunnan Province

【目的】分析云南省16个州(市)881份水稻种质材料12个农艺性状表型多样性并进行综合评价,为拓宽栽培稻的遗传基础及选育高原特色水稻新品种提供理论依据。【方法】以881份云南16个州(市)的水稻种质为材料,测定其株高、有效穗数、穗长、剑叶长、剑叶宽、每穗实粒数、每穗总粒数、一次枝梗数、二次枝梗数、谷粒长、谷粒宽和千粒重等12个农艺性状,通过计算各农艺性状的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数进行表型多样性分析,并对种质材料进行聚类分析和相关分析,最后结合主成分分析与隶属函数法计算综合评价D值,通过建立回归模型筛选综合评价指标。【结果】881份水稻种质材料12个农艺性状的多样性指数为1.9378~2.0973,其中穗长的多样性指数最大,有效穗数的多样性指数最小;12个农艺性状的变异系数为9.92%~43.01%,其中谷粒长的变异系数最小,二次枝梗数的变异系数最大。云南16个州(市)881份水稻种质材料12个农艺性状的多样性指数均值为1.6513~2.0040,其中,普洱市、红河州、临沧市、玉溪市、保山市、西双版纳州、德宏州、曲靖市和文山州水稻种质材料12个农艺性状的多样性指数较高,均在1.900以上。在欧式距离2.2处881份云南水稻种质材料可分为八大类群,其中,第Ⅶ类群综合性状最差,第Ⅷ类群综合性状最优,聚类分析结果与种质来源地无明显相关性。主成分分析和综合评价结果显示,881份水稻种质资源中凤仪白谷(保山市)、陆引46号(普洱市)及白霉谷(临沧市)的综合性状较好。穗长、谷粒长、谷粒宽、二次枝梗数和剑叶宽5个农艺性状对综合评价D值影响显著(F为1814.654),可作为云南水稻种质综合评价的指标。【结论】云南水稻种质具有较高的表型多样性,筛选出的凤仪白谷(保山市)、陆引46号(普洱市)及白霉谷(临沧市)可为水稻育种提供优良的亲本或中间材料。

【Objective】The phenotypic diversity and comprehensive value of 12 agronomic traits of 881 rice germplasm resources from 16 prefectures(cities)in Yunnan Province were analyzed and evaluated,which provided theoretical basis for widening the genetic basis of cultivated rice and breeding new rice varieties with plateau characteristics.【Method 】The 881 rice germplasm resources from 16 prefectures(cities)in Yunnan Province were materials,and the 12 agronomic characters(plant height,effective panicle number per plant,panicle length,flag leaf length,flag leaf width,filled grain number per panicle,grain number per panicle,number of the first panicle branch,number of secondary panicle branch,grain length,grain width and thousand seeds weight)were determined. The phenotypic diversity was analyzed and evaluated by means of Shannon-Wiener diversity of agronomic trait indexes,cluster analysis and correlation analysis were conducted on germsplams,D value was calculated by principal component analysis and membership function,then the comprehensive evaluation indexes were constructed by stepwise regression analysis.【Result】Phenotypic diversity indexes of 12 agronomic characters for the 881 rice germplasm resources were 1.9378-2.0973,of which panicle length diversity index was the largest and effective panicle number diversity index was the smallest. The coefficients of variation of 12 agronomic characters were 9.92%-43.01%,of which the coefficient of variation of grain length was the smallest and that of secondary panicle branch number was the largest. The genetic diversity indexes of 12 agronomic traits of 881 rice germplasm resources from 16 prefectures(cities)were 1.6513-2.0040,and those of Pu’er,Honghe,Lincang,Yuxi,Baoshan,Xishuangbanna, Dehong,Qujing and Wenshan were all above 1.900,higher than that of other prefectures(cities). Cluster analysis showed that 881 Yunnan rice germplasm resources could be clustered into eight groups at 2.2 European distances. Group Ⅶ had the worst comprehensive traits and Ⅷ had the best comprehensive traits. The cluster results were not obviously correlated with origin.Principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation of 12 agronomic characters data showed that among 881 rice germplasm resources,Fengyi Baigu(Baoshan),Luyin 46(Pu’er)and Baimeigu(Lincang) had good phenotypic comprehensive characteristics. At the same time,five indexes,including panicle length,grain length, grain width,secondary panicle branch number and flag leaf width,had significant effects on D value,and F value was 1814.654. These indexes were selected as comprehensive evaluation indexes for Yunnan rice germplasm resources.【Conclusion 】Yunnan rice germplasm resources have high phenotypic diversity,and the selected germplasm resources which are Fengyi Baigu(Baoshan),Luyin 46(Pu’er)and Baimeigu(Lincang)with better comprehensive characteristics can provide excellent parents and intermediate materials for rice breeding.