论海洋法基础规范的历史流变与启示

The Historical Evolution of the Basic Norms of the Law of the Sea and its Implications

国际海洋法现在已经发展成为一个庞大的规则体系,其中处于支配地位的,即凯尔森(Kelsen)理论视野中的"基础规范"也几经流变。起初,海洋是长期奉行"丛林法则"的法外之地。经过大航海以及17世纪初格劳秀斯(Grotius)"海洋自由论"的提出,以航海自由为主要内容的海洋自由成为海洋国家的共识。《联合国海洋法公约》通过后,海洋法的基础规范进入海洋自由、沿海国主权、海洋全球治理三者并存时期。海洋法基本规范的历史流变决定了海洋秩序的变迁,同时也对中国的海洋强国战略有重要的启示意义。

The international law of the sea has now developed into a huge rule system, in which the dominant "basic norms" in the perspective of Kelsen’s theory have undergone several changes. At first, the ocean was an extraterritorial place where the "Jungle Law" had long been enforced. After the Great Voyage and the proposal of Grotius’ s "freedom of the sea" in the early 17 th century, the freedom of the sea, whose main content is freedom of navigation, has become the consensus of maritime countries. After the adoption of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the basic norms entered a period of coexistence of freedom of the sea, sovereignty of coastal states and global governance of the oceans. The historical evolution of the basic norms determine the changes of the marine order, and also have important enlightenment significance for China’s marine power strategy.