以分形维数测算建筑几何图形的视觉复杂度

Visual Complexity of Building’s Geometric Pattern Based on Fractal Dimension

在以往对建筑创作的解析中常以"丰富的细节"、"与自然相和谐"等词汇来描述设计,针对这种感性有余但缺乏清晰量化标准的现象,提出以分形维数作为量化建筑设计几何构成的方法.结合计算机编程辅助,将维数计算中的盒维数法与人对建筑的视觉观察距离相联系,提出"视觉复杂度"与"分形维数走势图"的概念,使之更适用于建筑学领域,并以此为基础,首先对人们所熟知的建筑师生平建筑作品进行维数计算,确定分析方法的可靠性,再进一步讨论维数计算在空间路径视觉体验以及设计初期在建筑周围建立视觉场这2个方面的应用.计算结果表明,维数信息可以作为一种明确的量化方法来探索隐藏在建筑外观背后的数字特征.

Architecture design is usually described in terms of "rich details","harmony with nature" and so on, it’s intuitive but lack of articulated quantitative standard, therefore, a method of quantifying the geometric pattern of building design by using fractal dimension is proposed. With the aid of computer programming, the box-counting method is combined with visual observation distance between people and building, so the proposed conceptions of "visual complexity" and "fractal dimension trending" make the dimensional analysis more suitable for architectural field. Based on this, by computing the fractal dimension of well-known architects’ built works, the accuracy of proposed method is first determined, then this method is also applied in two aspects: the visual experience of certain path in space, and the visual field built in the early stage of design process. The computation shows the dimensionality can be a articulated quantitative method to explore the digital feature hidden behind the building’s appearance.