活动重叠对缩短资源受限项目工期有效性研究

Research on the effectiveness of activities overlapping in reducing project duration under resource constrained condition

活动重叠是项目赶工的一种常用手段,但并非所有活动的重叠执行均能有效缩短项目工期.识别和评估项目中活动重叠对缩短项目工期的有效性,避免无效的活动重叠及资源的浪费,对于解决资源受限项目调度问题具有重要的理论和现实意义.针对现有进度生成机制在处理带有活动重叠的资源受限项目调度问题上的不足,本文建立整数线性规划模型并对小规模算例进行精确求解.在对求解结果统计分析的基础上识别影响活动重叠有效性的关键因素,为项目调度中制定重叠策略提供指导.通过一个算例验证预先识别有效的活动重叠对提升启发式算法性能和优化项目调度结果具有积极作用.

Activities overlapping can accelerate the project process,but not all overlappable activities can reduce project duration effectively in an overlapped way.It has important theoretical and practical significance for solving the resource constrained project scheduling problem in identifying the effectiveness of activities overlapping and avoiding the invalid activities overlapping as well as resources wasting.In view of the shortage of existing schedule generation scheme in dealing with the resource constrained project scheduling problem with activities overlapping,an integer linear programming model is proposed to solve small-scale instances.Statistical analysis is held on the overlapping scheduling results obtained by exact algorithm to identify the key factors that affect the effectiveness of activities overlapping,thus providing guidance for developing overlapping strategies in project scheduling.A numerical example is given to demonstrate the effect of pre-identified valid activities overlapping in improving heuristic algorithm’s performance and optimizing the project scheduling result.