邻避冲突中公众参与问题研究的中外比较：演进过程、分析逻辑与破解路径

Comparison of Chinese and Foreign Studies on Public Participation in NIMBY Conflicts: Evolution Process,Analysis Logic and Solution Strategy

本文基于 Web of Science 和中国知网平台的文献检索,对国内外邻避冲突中公众参与问题研究的328 篇相关文献及其所涉及事件进行分析和比较,研究发现,(1)从研究演进过程看,国外呈现问题事件推动为主的单路径研究推进方式,可以从风险感知程度、公民可参与程度两个维度梳理较为清晰的演进过程;国内研究呈现出问题事件与理论创新推进的双路径发展方式。(2)从对事件的分析逻辑和破解路径看,国内研究多涉及风险感知程度较高的“高-低”型、“高-高”型事件。基于现有研究,对前一类事件可从利益、风险和社会学习角度进行分析,并应用新媒体和构建多元利益主体的协调机制解决问题。针对后一类事件公众参与不足等问题,应进一步发挥社区作用。国外研究涉及事件类型较为广泛,近期多关注于“低-高”型、“低-低”型事件。前一类事件影响因素复杂,且易受社会组织影响,破解路径设计中应关注多样化利益诉求、优化决策流程。后一类事件易受信息、媒体的影响,应重视前期的媒体宣传,同时提高公众的参与度。(3)从研究发展趋势看,国外偏向于对新兴技术和人居环境的探讨,对中国问题研究的数量也逐渐增加;国内研究在内容上呈多样性趋势,将会在已有成果基础上发展出更适合中国实际问题的理论,从而对实践问题形成更有效的指导。

Based on the literature search of Web of Science and China Knowledge Network platform,this paper analyzes and compares 328 relevant research literature on public participation in the Not In My Back Yard(NIMBY) conflict. The research finds:(1)From the perspective of research path,international research papers are mainly driven by problem events,reveals a single-path promotion pattern,which is possible to be analyzed from the two levels of risk perception and citizen participation. Domestic research papers present a dual-path pattern that is promoted by both problem events and theoretical innovation.(2)From the perspective of analysis logic and solution strategy,in terms of domestic research mostly involves events with a high degree of risk perception:“high-low”type and“high-high”type events. Based on the existing research,the former events can be analyzed from the perspectives of interest,risk and social learning,and the new media and the multistakeholder coordination mechanism can be used to solve the problem. Given the lack of public participation in the latter events,the role of the community should be further promoted. Foreign studies involve a wide range of events and more recently focused on“low-high”type,“low-low”type events. The influence factors of the former events are complex and vulnerable to social organization. In the design of solution strategy,we should pay attention to diversified interests and optimize decision-making process. The latter events are susceptible to information and media. It should be paid attention to media promotion in the early stage and increase the participation of the public.(3)From the perspective of future development trends,foreign research tends to explore emerging technologies and human settlements,and the number of researches on Chinese issues is gradually increasing. Domestic research content presents diversity trends,and the theory that is more suitable for practical problems in China will be developed based on existing achievements,thus forming more effective guidance for practical problems.